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Let It Bleed DID YOU KNOW? Bonsai Kittens were a hoax started by MIT students. Yesterday I overcame yet another longtime fear and gave blood. I couldnt help but think of the time in high school that my friend Allison was giving blood to get extra credit in AP Bio (no, really) and she passed out in the middle of it, in the process missing the first hour of our ultra-important fail-if-you-miss-it concert band rehearsal that night. Luckily, her dad was the drivers ed teacher and bailed her out. It was like Boy Meets World, or what I imagine Boy Meets World would have been like if I had ever watched it. Anyway, no. What I really couldnt help thinking of was the slipstream flow of my blood through the needle, and how the blood was being collected into a lower than my arm in order to establish a pressure head on the fluid, and how the cuff she had tightened on my arm was helping to dilate my blood vessels, and how this all related to the pressure taps in the pipe that we were using in 10.26: Chemical Engineering Project Lab to do fluid mechanics research, which I had to go to 5 minutes after giving blood. MIT is really like that. Anyway, somebody had a questions about AP tests, and since theyre kind of like some relentless vampire designed to suck money out of unsuspecting high-achieving high school students, I decided that this anecdote would pair well with an answer to this question. AP tests are mostly good for getting you out of GIRs. This is usually a good thing. If you dont have so many GIRs to take your freshman year, you can take more classes in your major and figure out if you really like it or not. My second term at MIT, 18.100B taught me 101 reasons not to be a math major, while Sarah Tabacco and 5.12 showed me that I really could do organic chemistry, if I just believed in myself. Had I not taken the advanced standing exam for 18.03, I might be studying for the actuarial exams these days instead of turning turkey carcasses into a usable fuel. On the other hand, sometimes GIRs are there for a reason. Im not particularly good at thermodynamics, but last spring I totally rocked 5.60: Thermodynamics and Kinetics by taking it two terms late, with a bunch of Chemical Engineering freshmen. I didnt study harder than anybody else, but after three terms of MIT I had developed the ability to study smarter than your average freshman. No doubt that any of them would now be able to go into any freshman class and get the same results. Its really great if you can come into MIT and take sophomore physics right off the bat, especially if youre a physics majorhowever, remember that youre going to be taking it with mostly sophomores (and nuclear engineers) who arent coming right out of high school. That being said, I would still personally use all the AP credits I could possibly get if I were you. As I have discovered too late, there are too many awesome classes here to spend time taking GIRs and introductory classes that you dont need to take. So, heres how it goes. Physics: The GIRs are 8.01: Mechanics and 8.02: EM. Most people take them in their first two terms here. If you get a 5 on both parts of Physics C, you get credit for 8.01. Nobody knows why you need a 5 on the EM portion of Physics C just to get out of Mechanics. There are also advanced standing exams for both classes offered during orientation. Physics B gets you NOTHING! However, I got a 5 on Physics B and was kind of bored in 8.01. I would suggest trying to take the advanced standing exam in that case. Alternatively, you can take 8.012 and 8.022, which are physics for masochists. Having taken 8.022, I can tell you that these classes will NOT NOT NOT be boring for you after the AP test. Biology: There is one GIR, 7.01x, offered in three different-flavored classes in the spring and fall. Most people dont take it their freshman year, put it off as long as possible, then take it with a bunch of grade-hungry freshman pre-meds, get mad because theyre getting a B in an easy GIR, and end up hating bio forever. Which is kind of unfair, because one of the guys who teaches it identified the first oncogene. A 5 on AP Bio gets you credit for it, and theres really no reason not to take advantage of that whether you want to major in biology or not. I took both 5.07: Biochemistry and 7.06: Cell Biology over 2 years after taking AP Bio, and didnt feel unprepared for them at all. Chemistry: There is one GIR in chemistry. You can satisfy it with 3.091 (easy), 5.111 (hard), or 5.112 (masochism), which most people take in their first term at MIT. There is an advanced standing exam, but dont even bother unless you did, like, the international chemistry olympiad or something. I know somebody who got an 800 on 8 different SATII subject tests and still did not pass it. Even if you were a stellar AP Chem student, 5.112 will cover everything you learned in two weeks, then derive the Schrodinger Equation from first principles and plunge you headfirst into a bathtub full of quantum and inorganic chemistry from which there is no escape. Seriously, 5.112 is a fantastic class to take if youre interested in chemistry at all. And if youre not, you can always take 3.091, which is chemistry for people who dont want to take chemistry anymore. Math: This is a challenging one. My first semester I qualified for entrance into seven separate calculus classes. I think they have since trimmed out a few of those. Awww, here goes. A 4 or a 5 on Calc BC gets you credit for 18.01: Single-Variable. From here, you could take one of three flavors of 18.02x: Multivariable, or you could take the ultra-rigorous 18.014 for math majors. YOU DONT NEED TO TAKE IT IF YOU ARE NOT A MATH MAJOR. A 4 or a 5 on Calc AB, or on the AB subscore of BC, gets you into 18.01A/18.02A. You spend half a term reviewing Single-Variable, half a term learning Multivariable, and get the remainder of multivariable in IAP. Basically, no matter which of the above five classes you take your first term, you will probably end up in 18.03: Differential Equations your second term at MIT with 700 other people. You can even pull a Laura and take 18.01 your first term, then 18.02 and 18.03 together your second term. The only limit is yourself. Also, if you happened to go to one of those crazy people schools with 18.03: Differential Equations or 18.06: Linear Algebra in the curriculum, you can get credit for that, too. I believe that if you do it before entering your first semester, you just have to take an advanced standing exam when you get to MIT. However, if you wait until IAP to test out of it, you have to do all the problem sets for the class on your own time and then take the advanced standing exam. Yep, its as much fun as it sounds. As for AP Statistics, yeah, that was a nice waste of $76 on my part. Computer Science: Nope. Sorry, Chester. Communications Requirement: Okay, the humanities program and communication requirements here are more complicated than quantum mechanics. So, there are certain introductory classes designated as CI-HW that you have to take in order to prove that youre good at writing. However, you dont have to take one if you get a passing score on the Freshman Essay Evaluation, given over the summer, or if you got a 5 on AP English Literature or AP English Language. Theres more communications requirement stuff, but you will figure that out once you get here. And then you can tell me, because I still only have a cursory grasp of it after three years. Humanities: If you get a 5 on basically any humanities-oriented test except for Studio Art, you get 9 units of general elective credit, which are pretty much only useful for hitting that magic 270-unit mark necessary for the double major that you no doubt want to pursue coming in to MIT. However, dont forget that Mollie took 18.01 her first term and came in with 27 units of AP credit, and she is now a published researcher and illustrious MITblogger who completed two majors in four years and is now going into Harvards PhD program next year. So you could be like her if you want to. I know I do. Whew, that was a workout!

Critically Discuss Corporate Social Responsibility - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2275 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Critical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Critically discuss Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). What are the implications for a firm that does not conduct CSR? Date authored: 30 th August, 2014. Introduction Management is defined as working with and through other people to deliver services or products desired by certain segments of the society (Schnietz Epstein, 2004). Organisations are adopting corporate social responsibility (CSR) due to the surrounding society. A business unit that engages in CSR goes beyond being compliant with the law, international norms and ethical standards set by the industry. An organisation that practises CSR has self-regulating mechanisms in which the firm implements some actions of social goodwill that goes beyond its profitability and what is inscribed in the law (Schnietz Epstein, 2004). Managers across the world have recognised the benefits of CSR as a factor that enables organisational sustainability and business success. In most cases, companies usually leave a trail of a negative impact on the community in which they exist. CSR is, therefore, an initiative in which such organisations embrace responsibilities for their actions and inspire posit ive effects through activities on consumers, environment, employees, stakeholders, community and the entire public domain. Stakeholder theory best explains how morals and values are addressed in organisational management. These morals define both the internal and external stakeholders of an organisation that are defined in CSR. The diagram below gives examples of both internal and external stakeholders The government of Canada discerns the value of CSR as a factor that contributes to broad-based economic benefits for Canada as a country and other nations that Canadian companies operate in internationally (Government of Canada 2013). Organisations that have CSR principles in their core values operate responsibly by promoting socially worthy business practises that are desired by their client segment in addition to the communities in which they have established their investment. Every organisation has its understanding of CSR as there has been no specific definition and policies that govern the subject. The importance of CSR is thereby discussed below: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Critically Discuss Corporate Social Responsibility" essay for you Create order Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility in Business Most of the multinational corporations work under CSR policies to pride themselves in a triple bottom line of people, planet and profits. The triple-bottom line gives most organisations a narrow field of view and focus in which they operate in, in order to be sustainable. When multinational corporations operate in a socially, economically and environmentally conscious manner, they consider doing so in a transparent manner. CSR assists them to succeed in a competitive environment particularly through encouraging social license and shared values. Considerably, managing and mitigating of social and environmental risk factors are gradually becoming of the essence for the success of businesses abroad (Thorpe 2013). This is so as it can be costly for companies to lose social license in terms of the triple bottom line and share price. As multinational companies take advantage of business opportunities abroad, there is a significant understanding that incorporating responsible busi ness practises into operations and investments in foreign countries not only benefit the local communities and economies, but enhances good business sense. Good CSR policy is a major driver of daily operations and guides the future progress of many multinational corporations. Corporations benefit through CSR when their clients work with them because they are focused on a healthier and better productive initiatives. The direct benefit of CSR is efficient and effective operations; however, the true value of CSR is that of social good-will (Whitman 2013). Companies that operate under the directive of CSR set good example hence; they work to inspire other organisations and individuals to ‘improve on their game as far as social and environmental responsibility is concerned (Whitman 2013 p.41). It is through such initiatives that the community gets inspired resulting to a more rational perspective on how to run small and medium enterprises as well as how to lead ones life. Researcher Devin Thorpe (2013, p. 56) found out that 51 out of 59 organisations that he interviewed on the benefits of CSR believed that they had happier employees. Under the same research, Thorpe (2013, p. 57) also realised that 45 out of 59 companies that he interviewed believed that as a result of CSR, they have better employees; this comes as a result of either being capable of attracting better talent or as a result of CSR programs being able to develop better employees (Thorpe 2013). Managers believe that organisations are only good when they have high performing employees who are focused on achieving the missions and visions of their respective organisations. Because of shared values, CSR policies assist planners to forge standard operating procedures that reflect the integrity and better performance (Simply CSR 2008). It is no doubt that organisations that practice CSR have a better reputation around the globe and are profitable. RBC Wealth Management, a US company that has realised $227 billion in management assets (Hopkins 2012), has a philanthropic initiative dubbed from the RBC Blue-water project, in which the company offers $50 million in the non-profit initiative (Hopkins 2012). For the sixth year in a row, clients and employees of RBC participates in Blue-water day to protect the fresh watersheds and encourage access to clean drinking water (Hopkins 2012). When the top management and employees intermingle with members of the community to assist in non-profit initiatives, the product of such investment is better-organisational acceptance by the surrounding community (Karnani 2010). The involvement of top management in such hands-on initiative is also a motivating factor to the line employees since they have time to interact without any issues concerning portfolios. With such CSR initiatives that involve communal good will, employees feel proud and are better committed to work. One of the key aspects why organisations get involve d in CSR is promotion of diversity. In this aspect, organisations earn respect. The case of DLA Piper Pro Bono, an Australian law firm, is a prototype of an organisation that has earned the respect tremendously by initiating projects that tend to reduce disparities between the poor and the fortunate (Mulleratt 2011). DLA Piper has structured pro bono programs named â€Å"Signature Projects† in which the company commits resources to assist the less privileged to access justice, tackling social issues, hunger relief programs, serving veterans and providing legal assistance to post-conflict and developing regions (Mulleratt 2011). The case of DLA Piper Pro Bono also helps one understand that CSR enhances conflict resolution between companies that are not in compliance with the ethical standards and the communities involved. Implication for a firm that does not conduct CSR There are many negative implications that come as a result of not implementing CSR. Some of the notable multinational organisations such as Nike and McDonalds have been victims of poor CSR implementation. The global custodians of CSR are: a) World Trade Organisation (WTO), b) United Nations Global Impact, c) United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, d) ISO 26000 Guidance Standards on Social Responsibility, e) International Labour Organisation Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises on Social Policy, and f) Governments of the respective nations. There are clear guidelines laid by the above movements that define the types of CSR to be implemented: Community-based CSR: businesses work as partners to foster well-being of local communities as well as strategising on how to improve on peoples quality of life. Environmental based CSR: focus is built on Eco-concerns such as climate change and the environmental impact the organisation has on the surrounding environment (Handy 2002). Human Resource-based CSR: recognising HR issues and implementing projects that focus on well-being of the staff. Philanthropy: businesses donate part of their profits for good cause, most often through a charity partner. In the contemporary business world, any organisation, be it small or multinational, lack of a CSR program can lead to disastrous results in terms of relations with the local community and international regulatory bodies. Losing the trust of people who are important to the business such as clients, stakeholders, suppliers and the work team will automatically lead to poor business reputation and eventually closure (Godelnik 2012). Increased cost of doing businesses in both foreign and local countries Implementing a CSR program does not cost money as long as the policies are known. On the contrary, it can be much costly for a company that does not have CSR program running. The increased costs can be due to: Inefficiency in staff hire and retention Zero implementation of energy saving programs Poor management of potential risks and liabilities More investment in traditional marketing (Schwartz 2008). Dissatisfied employees Usually, employees have the tendency of feeling proud of the company they are working for. Employees who are proud of their workplace in most cases have a positive attitude towards work and are less likely to search for work elsewhere. CSR promotes initiatives such as environmental awareness and philanthropy, which makes it easier for employees to mingle with the community that they are part of. They thus become proud of their organisations achievement in the locale. On the other hand, a dissatisfied employee will seek better job opportunities, and employee turnover may be high (Simply CSR 2008). A case of McDonalds that was profit oriented and did less for the working environment as well as social initiatives had its employees migrating to other competitors (Simply CSR, 2008). An organisation with good CSR program has a better reputation and will receive more job applicants. More choice results to a better workforce. High positive effects of CSR on employee motivation, diver sity and well-being result to a better-performing organisation. Dissatisfied customers/clients Organisations that have weak or no CSR record have poor customer relations (Confino 2013). Customers have a bad attitude towards products and services offered by such companies and will be willing to swap to other brands. Service rendering or products manufacturing companies who have better CSR programs, on the other hand, have healthier customer relations. Insufficient implementation of CSR programs by organisations lead to customers not having trust on the goods or services produced by such companies and without trust, customers are willing to switch to other brands of the same calibre. Reeves (2010) in their research that focused on customer satisfaction due to CSR program implementation indicated that more than 88% of consumers thought that companies should try and achieve their business objectives while improving the environment and the society. An interpretation of this result reveals that 88% of clients will have doubt on the intentions of organisations that do not h ave CSR programs (Reeves 2010). Less or no Business opportunities An organisation that does not implement CSR programs blocks its communication links with clienteles, suppliers, employees and other parties that influence the organisation both from within or out. The absence of constant interaction diminishes managers liaison roles thereby translating to ill-informed managers on business opportunities as well as threats. Additionally, organisations that implement CSR programs casually have less or no opportunities to share their positive stories through mass media, thereby, increasing advertisement costs since they do not breed free publicity. Such organisations hardly benefit from the value of mouth marketing. Criticism of CSR It is difficult for the contemporary organisation to survive without corporate social responsibility. Though CSR has become part of everyday business practice, many managers still do not believe in sharing of ideas. Every organisation, therefore, has its CSR practises that increase confusion especially during employee transfers, board meetings and mutual relationship between companies. Secondly, the link between CSR and financial performance is highly mixed. While some scholars agree that investing in CSR improves financial benefits of a firm, others tend to disagree. The conflicting results have not been enough to convince sceptical executives and investors that by doing good, a firms well-being is also improved. CSR is a confusing tactic from businesses economic roles (Godelnik 2012). Godelnik (2012) argues that a proper research and development model is the basic element of financial outcome; therefore, CSR plays a neutral role in determining financial performance. Summary and Conclusion Apart from the non-profit organisations, profitability is the end goal for any operational business. However, conducting business responsibly has enabled organisations to attract more investors, has reduced the social and environmental risks, increased profitability and growth and has assisted organisations to address stakeholder concerns transparently. 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